---
key: mechanic/economy-exchange--t089
type: mechanic
id: economy-exchange--t089
lang: en
title: 'Supply, demand and price formation'
summary: >-
  Prices reflect availability and willingness to buy, creating feedback between
  supply and demand.
updatedAt: '2026-10-22'
status: active
url: 'https://gamemechanics.pro/en/knowledge/mechanic/economy-exchange--t089/'
jsonUrl: >-
  https://gamemechanics.pro/api/v1/knowledge/en/mechanic/economy-exchange--t089.json
markdownUrl: >-
  https://gamemechanics.pro/content/knowledge/en/mechanic/economy-exchange--t089.md
aliases:
  - 'Supply, demand and prices'
tags:
  - Economy and exchange
  - Mechanics and variants
sourceIds:
  - source-96be186d8ada50a0
  - source-c5cfb02375225753
sources:
  - id: source-96be186d8ada50a0
    title: 'Factorio: Content'
    url: 'https://www.factorio.com/game/content'
    verifiedAt: null
  - id: source-c5cfb02375225753
    title: Offworld Trading Company
    url: 'https://store.steampowered.com/app/271240/'
    verifiedAt: null
relations: []
placements:
  - catalogId: economy-exchange
    id: t089
    title: Economy and exchange
    url: 'https://gamemechanics.pro/en/mechanics/economy-exchange/#t089'
    categoryIds:
      - mechanics
supersededBy: []
attributes:
  preview:
    updatedAt: '2026-10-22'
    title: 'Supply, demand and prices'
    description: >-
      Prices reflect availability and willingness to buy, creating feedback
      between supply and demand.
    image:
      src: images/mechanics/priority-offworld-trading-00.webp
      width: 1440
      height: 810
      crop:
        x: 0
        'y': 0
        width: 675
        height: 675
      game: Offworld Trading Company
      sourceUrl: 'https://store.steampowered.com/app/271240/'
      originalUrl: >-
        https://shared.akamai.steamstatic.com/store_item_assets/steam/apps/271240/ss_fdb1d1301e763bd7cdbed153a2e83a2801bbdc67.1920x1080.jpg?t=1790866876
      credit: Mohawk Games / Stardock Entertainment
      rights: >-
        Game imagery © its respective rights holders. Publisher-distributed
        Steam screenshot; all rights reserved. Excluded from MIT and CC BY 4.0.
      caption: Resource stocks and distinct market prices
      alt: Resource stocks and distinct market prices
      markers:
        - x: 17
          'y': 16
          label: Resource market price
        - x: 10
          'y': 16
          label: Current resource stock
    tips:
      - Show why a price changes and how quickly the market responds.
    examples:
      - title: Offworld Trading Company
        url: 'https://store.steampowered.com/app/271240/'
endsAt: null
provenance: >-
  Original bilingual editorial overviews authored for gamemechanics.pro on
  2026-10-20 and reviewed on 2026-10-21. Scenarios are hypothetical design
  examples; prototype checks describe work to perform, not completed playtests.
  Primary sources support the stated techniques and implementation context, not
  every proposed variant.
license: CC-BY-4.0
codeLicense: MIT
attribution: gamemechanics.pro contributors
catalogKey: catalog/economy-exchange
---
# Supply, demand and price formation

id: economy-exchange--t089
type: mechanic
key: mechanic/economy-exchange--t089
lang: en
status: active
url: https://gamemechanics.pro/en/knowledge/mechanic/economy-exchange--t089/

Prices reflect availability and willingness to buy, creating feedback between supply and demand.

## At a glance

![Resource stocks and distinct market prices](https://gamemechanics.pro/images/mechanics/priority-offworld-trading-00.webp)

[Offworld Trading Company](https://store.steampowered.com/app/271240/) · Game imagery © its respective rights holders. Publisher-distributed Steam screenshot; all rights reserved. Excluded from MIT and CC BY 4.0.

1. Resource market price
2. Current resource stock

- Show why a price changes and how quickly the market responds.

- [Offworld Trading Company](https://store.steampowered.com/app/271240/)

## How it works

Prices reflect availability and willingness to buy, creating feedback between supply and demand.

## Variants

### Mechanic variants

<a id="t089-variants"></a>

- Surplus lowers the next selling price. <a id="t089-v1"></a>
- Shortages increase the value of new supply. <a id="t089-v2"></a>
- Substitutes reduce buyer dependence on one item. <a id="t089-v3"></a>
- Delayed reactions create overproduction risk. <a id="t089-v4"></a>

## Design example

A large coal delivery lowers its price and encourages shifting some vehicles to timber.

Prototype check: Test price bounds and adjustment speed after one unusually large transaction.

## Context and limits

Economic rules connect production, allocation, commitments and exchange; prices should communicate scarcity and available alternatives. Each overview separates player actions, state changes and alternative rules. Examples are hypothetical design scenarios, not claims about a named game. A prototype check states an observable question for the next iteration. Existing detailed references remain separately linked from the direction map.

## Connected materials


## Sources and provenance

Original bilingual editorial overviews authored for gamemechanics.pro on 2026-10-20 and reviewed on 2026-10-21. Scenarios are hypothetical design examples; prototype checks describe work to perform, not completed playtests. Primary sources support the stated techniques and implementation context, not every proposed variant.

- [Factorio: Content](https://www.factorio.com/game/content) (id: source-96be186d8ada50a0)
- [Offworld Trading Company](https://store.steampowered.com/app/271240/) (id: source-c5cfb02375225753)

CC-BY-4.0 · gamemechanics.pro contributors